@article {14, title = {Articulatory control parameters of phonological contrasts: the case of cue-weighting for Dutch /ɑ/ - /a/}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Nederlandse Vereniging voor Fonetische Wetenschappen}, address = {Utrecht, Nederland}, abstract = {

Speech-language acquisition involves learning the speech sounds of the language at hand as well as which acoustic cues are relevant to differentiate them. For example, the Dutch vowels /ɑ/ and /a/ in the words {\textquoteright}man{\textquoteright} (man) and {\textquoteright}maan{\textquoteright} (moon) differ both in their spectral properties (F1 and F2 are both higher for /a/) and in duration (longer for /a/). Perception experiments indicate that the way in which different perceptual cues are being combined and weighted is language specific, however, there are large individual differences in cue weighting within language groups (Escudero, Benders, \& Lipsky, 2009). Furthermore, the different perceptual cues are not entirely independent from a speech acoustics point of view, meaning that one of the cues could play a more prominent role underneath. The present study combines measurements of perceptual weighting of acoustic cues for the Dutch /ɑ/ - /a/ vowel contrast with measurements of perceptual acuity for spectral and durational differences and measurements of the production of the vowel contrast to unravel (1) what exactly influences how perceptual cues are being weighted, and (2) which cue is actively being manipulated by speakers. 45 young adult speakers of Dutch (age 19-29) participated in the study. Data analysis is currently underway; detailed results will be available at the symposium. References Escudero, P., Benders, T., \& Lipski, S. C. (2009). Native, non-native and L2 perceptual cue weighting for Dutch vowels: The case of Dutch, German, and Spanish listeners. Journal of Phonetics, 37(4), 452-465.

}, author = {Hayo Terband and Lydia Bax and Peter Hart and Manou van Montfort and Sapna Sehgal and Laura Smorenburg and Fleur Versteeg and Tom Lentz} } @article {9, title = {Infants Show a U-Shaped Pattern in Non-Native Vowel Discrimination}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Nederlandse Vereniging voor Fonetische Wetenschappen}, address = {Utrecht, The Netherlands}, abstract = {

Previous research has shown that speech sound discrimination changes from universal to language-specific during the first year of life; sensitivity to native speech sound contrasts increases whereas sensitivity to (some) non-native contrasts decreases. This process is often referred to as perceptual attunement (Maurer \& Werker, 2014). For vowels, attunement has been found to take place around 6 months of age (Kuhl et al., 1992). However, there are indications that attunement is less uniform than previously suggested (e.g. Mazuka et al., 2014). The aim of this study was to investigate whether perceptual attunement is attested in vowel perception of Dutch-learning infants (6-10 months old). Infants were tested on a native (/a:/-/e:/) and non-native (/{\ae}/-/ɛ/) contrast, using tokens of multiple speakers. The six-month-olds (n = 53), the 8-month-olds (n = 41) and the 10-month-olds (n = 35) discriminated the native contrast. However, the non-native contrast was discriminated by the 6-month-olds (n = 61) and the 10-month-olds (n = 41) but not by the 8-month-olds (n = 39). The recovery of the 10-month-olds is interpreted to be caused by an interaction between task demands (multiple speakers) and developmental level of the infants.

}, author = {Maartje de Klerk and Elise de Bree and Annemarie Kerkhoff and Frank Wijnen} } @article {10, title = {KEYNOTE: How acoustic reduction affects non-native speech processing}, year = {2016}, month = {10.30-11.15}, publisher = {Nederlandse Vereniging voor Fonetische Wetenschappen}, address = {Utrecht, The Netherlands}, abstract = {

Words are often pronounced shorter in casual speech than in formal speech. Segments may be shorter, weakly articulated or completely absent. For instance, English probably may be pronounced as proly and reasonable as reasable. Native listeners generally experience no problems understanding reduced word pronunciation variants, benefitting from the many cues in the acoustic signal, and from frequency, syntactic and semantic information. In this talk I will address the question how reduced word pronunciation variants are processed by non-native listeners of a language. Our experiments show that even highly proficient learners of a language experience problems understanding reduced word pronunciation variants. They make many errors in dictation tasks. The errors suggest that non-native listeners try to produce transcriptions that match the speech signal but that they are unable to benefit from all acoustic cues. Moreover, non-native listeners seem unable to benefit from the semantic content and syntactic structure of the context. As a consequence, they provide transcriptions that have very different meanings from what the speaker said. We also tested non-native listeners{\textquoteright} use of different types of cues in more controlled experiments, in which they had to identify words or make lexical decisions. The results show that, also in these more controlled experiments, non-native listeners tend to only rely on those acoustic cues that are relevant in their native languages. Moreover, non-native listeners have difficulties quickly using semantic cues for understanding reduced speech even in very simple experiments. Finally, we found that learners are sensitive to the frequencies of reduced word pronunciation variants, but that the frequencies of occurrences they are sensitive to do not match the native listeners{\textquoteright} frequencies. Together these results show that acoustic reduction affects non- native speech processing in several ways.

}, author = {Mirjam Ernestus} } @article {19, title = {Kinderen met spraakontwikkelingsdyspraxie (sod) laten geen hyper-articulatie zien}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Nederlandse Vereniging voor Fonetische Wetenschappen}, address = {Utrecht, Nederland}, abstract = {

Bij spraakontwikkelingsdyspraxie (SOD) wordt in de literatuur zowel sterkere coarticulatie als het tegenovergestelde, hyperarticulatie, gerapporteerd. De huidige studie onderzoekt de hypothese dat deze tegenstrijdige bevindingen worden veroorzaakt door de manier waarop coarticulatie is gemeten, waarbij geen rekening wordt gehouden met de eigenschappen van de klanken die de coarticulatie bewerkstelliggen. De spraakdata betreft 3 herhalingen van eenvoudige bisyllabische betekenisloze uitingen van het type [dəCV] (C = /b,d/ en V = /i,u/) in context van de zin /he ... wɪ:r/ van 16 kinderen met SOD (5,5 - 7,5 jaar) en 8 normaalsprekende kinderen (5 - 7,3 jaar). De coarticulatie in de F2 van de [ə] is geanalyseerd met een nieuwe maat die rekening houdt met de grootte van geproduceerde klinkercontrast, voor beide consonantcontexten afzonderlijk. De resultaten tonen een sterkere coarticulatie voor de kinderen met SOD in vergelijking met de controlegroep in de /d/ context, maar niet in de /b/ context. Waar de controles een verschil in coarticulatie tussen de consonantcontexten laten zien, is de coarticulatie bij de kinderen met SOD in beide consonantcontexten gelijk. Uit deze uitkomsten blijkt dat de afwijkende coarticulatie in kinderen met SOD geen hyperarticulatie betreft. De resultaten wijzen er verder op dat de sterkere coarticulatie in kinderen met SOD is verbonden aan bepaalde articulatorische contexten. Klinische implicaties zullen worden besproken.

}, author = {Hayo Terband and Lydia Bax} } @article {8, title = {Melodie in de traditionele vertelkunst en zang van de Toendra Joekagieren}, year = {2016}, month = {16.25-16.45}, publisher = {Nederlandse Vereniging voor Fonetische Wetenschappen}, address = {Utrecht, The Netherlands}, abstract = {

De traditionele vertelkunst in het Toendra Joekagier (TJ), een bedreigde taal die nog maar door ca. 60 mensen gesproken wordt op de toendra in het verre noordoosten van Siberië, kent drie manieren van stemgebruik: normale spreekstem, spreekstem afgewisseld met zang, en een specifiek stemgebruik tussen spreken en zingen in. De traditionele vertelkunst van het TJ is qua vorm en inhoud uitvoerig beschreven: gesproken teksten worden weergegeven in normale tekst en gezongen fragmenten en liederen in muzieknoten. Maar die tussenvorm weergeven is problematisch. Tot nu toe wordt deze in de literatuur {\textquotedblleft}recitatief{\textquotedblright} genoemd wat het niet is, en weergegeven in muzieknoten wat weinig geschikt lijkt voor deze vorm. De tussenvorm komt vooral voor in persoonlijke improvisaties (gebeurtenissen, herinneringen, lofzang), in dansen, liederen en in rituele zang van sjamanen. De voornaamste kenmerken zijn een vrij ritme en een beperkt aantal intervallen, meestal een kwart (5 semitonen) op steeds dezelfde grondtoon. In mijn presentatie geef ik audiovisuele voorbeelden van de verschillende vormen van vertelkunst en bespreek ik hoe de tussenvorm het beste kan worden genoemd en hoe deze met behulp van Praat kan worden geïllustreerd in toonhoogtebewegingen.

}, author = {Cecilia Od{\'e}} } @article {16, title = {Self-monitoring for speech errors: Two-stage detection and repair with and without auditory feedback}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Nederlandse Vereniging voor Fonetische Wetenschappen}, address = {Utrecht, Nederland}, abstract = {Two experiments are reported, eliciting segmental speech errors and self- repairs. Error frequencies, detection frequencies, error-to-cutoff times and cutoff-to-repair times were assessed with and without auditory feedback, for errors against four types of segmental oppositions. Main hypotheses are (a) prearticulatory and postarticulatory detection of errors is reflected in a bimodal distribution of error-to-cutoff times; (b) after postarticulatory error detection repairs need to be planned in a time-consuming way, but not after prearticulatory detection; (c) postarticulatory error detection depends on auditory feedback. Results confirm hypotheses (a) and (b) but not (c). Internal and external detection are temporally separated by some 500 ms on average, fast and slow repairs by some 700 ms. Error detection does not depend on audition. This seems self-evident for prearticulatory but not for postarticulatory error detection. Theoretical implications of these findings are discussed. }, author = {Sieb Nooteboom and Hugo Quen{\'e}} } @article {17, title = {Speech production and speech production accuracy in children with cochlear implants and their normally hearing peers}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Nederlandse Vereniging voor Fonetische Wetenschappen}, address = {Utrecht, Nederland}, abstract = {

The longitudinal phonological development of children with cochlear implants (CI) is compared to that of normally hearing (NH) peers. This presentation aims to conclude on one general question: {\textquotedblleft}are children with CI able to catch up on their NH peers?{\textquotedblright} The spontaneous speech productions of children with CI are investigated both at the word level for accuracy and variability and at the segmental level with respect to consonant clusters and fricatives. In comparison to NH peers, children with CI{\textquoteright}s word and segmental productions are less accurate and more variable. Moreover, the characteristics of the target word (syllable length, complexity and frequency in child-direct speech) affect children with CI{\textquoteright}s word productions to a different extent than those of NH children. Target words that have more syllables and are more complex are less accurate and more variable in both groups of children, but the effect is more pronounced in children with CI. In contrast, target words that are more frequent in child-directed speech are more accurate, but this effect is less pronounced in children with CI. But, for all these measures, a catch up is found: children with CI reach similar levels of phonological development as their NH age-mates by age five.

}, author = {Jolien Faes} } @article {15, title = {Transfer van preaspiratie in T2 Engels bij moedertaalsprekers van het Faeröers}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Nederlandse Vereniging voor Fonetische Wetenschappen}, address = {Utrecht, Nederland}, abstract = {

Fonetisch onderzoek naar de verwerving van medeklinkers in een tweede taal richt zich vaak op de voice onset time van stemloze en stemhebbende plosieven (bijv. Simon 2011). Zelfs bij leerders van een hoog taalbeheersingsniveau blijken VOT{\textquoteright}s nog af te wijken van die van moedertaalsprekers. Dergelijke laryngale systemen zijn dus vruchtbare grond voor onderzoek naar transfer van de eerste taal in tweedetaalverwerving. In deze presentatie doen wij verslag van ons onderzoek naar transfer van een minder bekend laryngaal systeem. Het Faeröers maakt, net als bijv. het IJslands, gebruik van preaspiratie bij een subset van postvokale stemloze medeklinkers, zoals in l{\ae}tt [lɑht:] {\textquoteleft}gemakkelijk (onz.){\textquoteright} (Thráinsson et al. 2004). Het is te verwachten dat dit moedertaalfenomeen wordt overgenomen bij tweedetaalverwerving van (in dit geval) het Engels. Aan de hand van opnames van drie Faeröerse sprekers van het Engels vergelijken wij de fonetische details van preaspiratie in hun eerste en tweede taal. Hoewel deze op enkele punten overeenkomt {\textemdash} m.n. het type frictie in het preaspiratie-element {\textemdash} zijn er ook duidelijke verschillen in de duur van de verschillende onderdelen van preaspiratie. Ook vertoont de preaspiratie in het Engels veel meer variatie dan in het Faeröers. Wij verklaren deze verschillen aan de hand van foneemcategorisering in tweedetaalverwerving. Literatuur Escudero, P., Benders, T., \& Lipski, S. C. (2009). Native, non-native and L2 perceptual cue weighting for Dutch vowels: The case of Dutch, German, and Spanish listeners. Journal of Phonetics, 37(4), 452-465. Thráinsson, H., Petersen, H.P., Jacobsen, J. í Lon, \& Hansen, Z.S. 2004. Faroese: An overview and reference grammar. Тórshavn: F{\o}roya Fró{\dh}skaparfelag.

}, author = {Annelot Vaatstra and Remco Knooihuizen and Wander Lowie} } @article {13, title = {Velocity Profiles of Speech Perception between Native English Speakers and Javanese and Sundanese- English Learners: A Hand Movement Study}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Nederlandse Vereniging voor Fonetische Wetenschappen}, address = {Utrecht, Nederland}, abstract = {

Learning second language (L2) sounds is influenced by the first language (L1) sound system. This current study seeks to examine how English language learners who have a smaller L1 vowel inventory perceive English sounds. To reveal L2 sound perception, we measured the mouse trajectories related to the hand movements performed by Javanese and Sundanese language learners as they selected their responses. This study aims to map the patterns of real-time processing through compatible hand movements, to reveal any uncertainties participants have when making selections. The participants completed a categorization task, classifying stimuli as long or short vowels. Results show clear regional differences in the OVE that corresponds to the regional differences in fricative devoicing. The devoicing process seems thus to trigger a reduction of the OVE, but not (yet) its full disappearance. We argue that these results are in line with the full merger hypothesis. The results showed that the Javanese listeners exhibited significantly lower velocity values than the English listeners for the similar vowels /I, ɛ, ʊ/ between 826-1200 ms post-stimulus interval. The Sundanese listeners showed lower velocity values than the English listeners for /I/ approximately between 676-1200 ms post-stimulus interval. For the perception of the new vowels /i:, {\ae}, ɜ:, ʌ, ɑ:, u:, ɔ:/, the Javanese listeners showed lower velocity in making a decision between 826-1200 ms post stimulus interval. The Sundanese listeners showed lower velocity only for the vowels /ɜ:, ɔ:, {\ae}/ between 676-1200 ms post stimulus interval. Lower velocity values of the hand movement suggest that during the processing of L2 vowels, the L2 learners experienced greater uncertainty in decision making. The results are consistent with the Second Language Linguistic Perception Model (Escudero, 2005), which predicts how L2 learners struggle to perceive new L2 sounds, when the L1 perception grammar has less perceptual categories than the L2.

}, author = {Arum Perwitasari} } @article {18, title = {Zijn kinderen met een gehoorverlies herkenbaar?}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Nederlandse Vereniging voor Fonetische Wetenschappen}, address = {Utrecht, Nederland}, abstract = {

Een vergelijking van de spraak van normaalhorende kinderen, kinderen met een cochleair implantaat en kinderen met een hoortoestel. Ondanks een hoorhulpmiddel wijkt de spraak van een kind met gehoorverlies af van de spraak van normaalhorende kinderen (Lenden \& Flipsen, 2007; Verhoeven et al., 2016). De vraag is echter of luisteraars dit verschil ook kunnen waarnemen. Het doel van dit onderzoek is tweeërlei. Enerzijds wordt er nagegaan of luisteraars een verschil horen tussen de spraak van normaalhorende kinderen (NH) en kinderen met een gehoorverlies. Anderzijds wordt onderzocht of er gedifferentieerd wordt tussen twee verschillende hoorhulpmiddelen: een cochleair implantaat (CI) en een akoestisch hoortoestel (HA). In een categorisatietaak oordeelden 90 volwassen luisteraars over de hoorstatus (NH, HA, CI) van een honderdtal uitingen. Deze uitingen waren afkomstig van 7 CI-, 7 HA- en 7 NH-kinderen van ongeveer zeven jaar oud. Ons onderzoek laat zien dat luisteraars vlot de spraak van normaalhorende kinderen kunnen onderscheiden van de spraak van kinderen met een gehoorverlies. CI- en HA-kinderen zijn echter nauwelijks te onderscheiden. Wel blijken kinderen met een cochleair implantaat vaker als {\textquotedblleft}normaalhorend{\textquotedblright} gecategoriseerd te worden dan kinderen met een akoestisch hoortoestel. Laatstgenoemden kregen vaker het label {\textquotedblleft}kind met gehoorverlies{\textquotedblright}.

Literatuur

}, author = {Nathalie Boonen} } @article {11, title = {The onset voicing effect: evidence from Dutch labiodental fricatives}, year = {2016}, month = {16.05-16.25}, publisher = {Nederlandse Vereniging voor Fonetische Wetenschappen}, address = {Utrecht, Nederland}, abstract = {

In a wide variety of languages, it has been reported that vowel F0 at the onset tends to be lower after voiced than after voiceless consonants (e.g., Hombert et al., 1979). This phenomenon has been called onset voicing effect (OVE) by Kirby \& Ladd (2015). Learning second language (L2) sounds is influenced by the first language (L1) sound system. This current study seeks to examine how English language learners who have a smaller L1 vowel inventory perceive English sounds. To reveal L2 sound perception, we measured the mouse trajectories related to the hand movements performed by Javanese and Sundanese language learners as they selected their responses. This paper investigates the presence of the OVE in Dutch initial labiodental fricatives. Previous studies have shown that Dutch initial fricatives are currently devoicing (e.g., Kissine et al., 2003; Pinget, 2015). We thus examine whether the OVE is maintained in the case of devoicing. The maintenance of the OVE in the case of devoicing would provide evidence for incipient tonogenesis, whereas the disappearance of the OVE would indicate that initial labiodental fricatives develop as a full merger. This study aims to map the patterns of real-time processing through compatible hand movements, to reveal any uncertainties participants have when making selections. The participants completed a categorization task, classifying stimuli as long or short vowels. Results show clear regional differences in the OVE that corresponds to the regional differences in fricative devoicing. The devoicing process seems thus to trigger a reduction of the OVE, but not (yet) its full disappearance. We argue that these results are in line with the full merger hypothesis.

}, author = {Anne-France Pinget} }